Background and Objective: Soil bacteria, particularly Bacillus genus have the potential of producing a range of bioactive substances with antimicrobial and antifungal properties. They have the ability to produce hundreds of active and effective biologic compound against microorganisms. Therefore, it seems to be a proper candidate in the biocontrol of fungal pathogenesis.Material and Methods: In this study, soil samples were collected from different parts of Gorgan in order to isolate Bacillus and to determine their antifungal activity against T.MENTAGROPHYTES. The Isolates that had the highest antifungal effects were analyzed by PCR and 16s rRNA sequencing.Results: Of 54 strains, 14 have antifungal activity. The Isolates, S4 and S12, identified as B.cereus and B.thuringiensis respectively show the highest antidermatofit effect. These isolates based on 16s rRNA sequence analysis show 97% homology with Bacillus cereusstrain KU4 and Bacillus thuringiensisstrain ucsc27.Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the soil Bacilli have biocontrol potential against dermatophytic agents such as T.MENTAGROPHYTES.

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the activity of garlic extract against Dermatophytes which is planned to be used instead of chemical durgs. Garlic has been widely used as medicine since ancient times for varieties of illnesses, including abdominal pain, parasitic infection, insect and snakebites, hemorrhoid and rheumatism. In the last decades, garlic has been reported to display antibiotic and antifungi activities.Material and Methods: Garlic was obtained from Hamadan, Iran. Using the Mantis method, dry garlic bulbs were peeled and homogenized with two parts of distilled water in a blender and liquid garlic extract was obtained. Then the homogenized garlic extract was run through Amicon DIAF10 ultra-filtration system, using XM and PM membranes. The ultra-filtrated fractions were collected as Residue (R) 300, 100, 50, 30, 10 and filtrate (F) 10. The fractions were evaluated by SDS-PAGE, using 14 percent Acrylamide gel. Serial dilutions of fraction from 1/2 up to 1/32 were tested against each Dermatophyte in Sabourauds Dextrose agar and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was obtained. The Dermatophytes tested included: Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES var. MENTAGROPHYTES, Triochophyton MENTAGROPHYTES var. interdigitale, TRICOPHYTON rubrum, TRICOPHYTON tonsurans, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccosum. An ointment was prepared with Fraction F10 as active ingrediant and was used for treatment of dermatophitosis of ginea pigs.Results: The result showed that F10 inhibited growth of Microsporum canis, Epidermophyton floccosum, TRICOPHYTON rubrum, TRICOPHYTON tonsurans. MIC 1/4 was active against Microsporum gypseum and 1/2 against Triochophyton MENTAGROPHYTES var, interdigitale. Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES var. MENTAGROPHYTES was resistant to all dilutions. Also the ointment used for treatment of dermatophitosis of guinea pig showed a statistically significant inverse relation between the severity and diameter of lesions and the duration of treatment (p<0.01).Conclusion: This research showed that F10 fraction, which contains nonprotein components, is the most effective treatment for dermatophitosis.

Methanolic leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were investigated for in vitro antifungal activities against Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, TRICOPHYTON rubrum, TRICOPHYTON schoenleinii, Trico-phyton MENTAGROPHYTES and Epedermophyton floccosum. The studies were carried out using broth dilu-tion method, agar dilution method and inhibitory zone estimation. The effects of the plant extract were compared with those of griseofulvin. Eucalyptus camaldulensis showed antifungal activity against all the dermatophytes tested with MIC values ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 mg/mL using inhibitory zone estimation, 0.4-1.6 mg/mL using agar dilution method and 0.2 to 1.6 mg/mL using broth dilution method. The mini-mum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extracts ranged from 0.8 to 6.4 mg/mL. The results obtained suggest that E. Camaldulensis has anti-dermatophyte activity.  

Fungal infections are considered a major problem in the developing countries and common drugs for treatment are also toxic and expensive or have side effects. The purpose of this study is introduction of a new antifungal plant drug for treatment of fungi diseases, which have not yet an ideal treatment, such as dermatophytosis. For invitro study, First, Myrtus Communis leaves were gathered, then dried and powdered. Extracting was done by percolation with solvents, Ethanol, Chloroform, N-Hexane and Petroleum Benzine. Then, various dilutions 30-600 mg/ml and 0.5-4 mg/ml extract were used on those fungi by Broth Dilution method and fungi growth was studied and MIC and MFC of those fungi were determined. The drug clotrimazole was used as a control for lack of growth in order to comparing it as a chemical drug with the mentioned extract. The dilution of 30-600mg/ml whole extract did not allow fungi trichophyton menagrophytes and Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton Fluccosume to grow, but it was not effective on fungi candida Albicans and Aspergillus Niger. Other fractions Chloroform, N-Hexane and etherdipetrolic also had not effect on any of the fungi. But at lower dilution for whole extract of Myrtus Communis, MIC for fungus TRICOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES was 1.5 mg/ml and for Microsporum Canis was 1mg/ml and for Epidermophyton Floccosume was 1mg/ml. With respect to effectiveness of hydroalcoholic whole extract of Myrtus Communis on fungi TRICOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES and Epidermophyton Floccosume and Microsporum Canis, it is recommended to use this extract for treatment and eradication of these fungi.

BACKGROUND: Green iguana (Iguana iguana) is one of the newly imported exotic pets which has been observed with increasing regularity in veterinary clinics in Iran. Despite their popularity, information about their diseases is scarce.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenic agents in green iguanas with skin disorders.METHODS: The animals were brought to Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran, Iran, with chronic pruritic dermatitis, scabs, loss of spines and deep ulcerative dermatitis located over the body. During physical exam, deposits of dry seborrhea were taken and processed for diagnosis. The clinical specimens were cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide and mycosel agar.RESULTS: Microscopic examination revealed fungal elements as Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTESvar. MENTAGROPHYTES and psoroptid mites as Geckobiella donnae. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first report of the presence of fungal and parasitic agents as the etiological agents of dermatological disorders in green iguanas.

Background and Aim: Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal disease. Prosopis farcta has attracted attention for ethnobotany and medical purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal properties of Prosopis farcta extracts against Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES (PTCC 5054) and five archived terbinafine resistant clinical isolates of T. mentagrophyte, based on an ethnobotanical report in Yazd province (Iran). Materials and Methods: In vitro drug susceptibility for methanol extract and amphotericin B was carried out according to the CLSI-M38-A2. A topical solution (1%) was formulated by root extract of P. farcta. The nine male Sprague rats were infected by T. MENTAGROPHYTES and assessed for in vivo anti-dermatophytic activity. Results: The MIC value of amphotericin B was ≤,0. 5 μ, g/mL against all strains. The methanol extract showed the lowest MIC and MFC values on fungal activity (both with 0. 00625 mg/mL). The complete cure of 21-day period with terbinafine is reduced to 10 days with methanol 80% root extract of P. farcta solution. Conclusion: Compared with amphotericin B, P. farcta could be considered a potential antifungal agent in terbinafineresistant clinical isolates of dermatophytes.

This study used to be conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory at the College of Science, Kirkuk University in Iraq from 11/7/2021 to 25/5/2022 with the aim of investigating the fungi causing motive pores and skin ailments, i.e., dermatomycosis in the human physique (tinea corporis) and the incidence of Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES. A total of 120 samples were collected from sufferers referred to the Dermatology Consultant at Azadi Teaching Hospital and some non-public clinics in Kirkuk, age groups ranging from 1 to 60 years and both genders. All samples were examined and recognized using traditional methods and using culture media for the fungi. The direct microscopic examination of the fungi showed positive results, with an infection rate of 66.66%, while the laboratory culture showed positive results, with 49.16%. The results of the phenotypic examinations of the isolated dermatophytes showed that they belong to the two genera, Trichophyton and Microsporum. The results showed that Trichophyton was the most diagnosed specimen compared to Microsporum. The least patient specimen was diagnosed, and 5 species of Trichophyton were isolated, T. MENTAGROPHYTES exhibited the highest prevalence (9.2%), while the lowest belonged to T. interdigitale (2.5%). In the case of Microsporum, two species were isolated, so that, the infection rate of males (33.33%) was higher than that of females (15.83%). The result showed the highest infection rate of T. MENTAGROPHYTES in the age group 21-30 years, while the lowest among the group 50-61. After final identification of T. MENTAGROPHYTES by PCR, the consequences of the PCR assay were sent to the Genebank website to verify the kind of fungus through comparing it with the fungi registered at this site.

Background and Objective: Until yet, there is no investigation in the field of apoptosis feature in UV-light exposed dermotophyte fungi of Epidennophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES. So, in this study, we tried to detect the Apoptosis feature in dermatophyte fungi of Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES. Then the results were analyzed by molecular methods.Materials and methods: The colonies of mentioned dermatophytes were irradiated by UV light at the wavelength of 302 nm. To investigate the possible Apoptosis feature, the high molecular-weight DNA was isolated from non-irradiated and irradiated colonies of dermatophytes respectively and then were run through 1% agarose gel.Results: Isolated DNA molecules, showed no differences between DNA banding patterns. By the performed protocol in this project, no feature of Apoptosis was detected in the dermatophyte fungi of Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES.Conclusions: By the help of this UV-irradiation protocol, it is impossible to obeserve the apoptosis feature in dermatophyte fungi of Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES. Maybe the negative tropism of these fungi against UVB is the main reason of no Apoptosis feature.

Background: Dermatophytosis is the common cutaneous infections in humans and animals, which is caused by the keratinophylic fungus called dermatophytes. In recent years, drugs resistance in pathogenic fungi, including dermatophyte strains to the current antifungals have been increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of AgNPs against Microsporum canis, Trichophyton MENTAGROPHYTES, and Microsporum gypseum.Materials and Methods: The antifungal susceptibility of nanosilver particles compared with griseofulvin (GR). Its efficacy was investigated against three strains of dermatophytes by both agar dilution and broth microdilution test (BMD).Results: The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) AgNPs on M. canis, T. MENTAGROPHYTES and M. gypseum were 200, 180 and 170 mg.mL-1, respectively. Whereas these strains showed MIC of 25, 100 and 50 mg.mL-1 for GR.Conclusions: Our finding indicated that the AgNPs was less active than GR but it had anti-dermatophytic effect.